{"id":38398,"date":"2020-10-04T14:05:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T14:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptonews.com\/tr\/?p=38398"},"modified":"2023-06-26T11:13:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T11:13:17","slug":"nakitsiz-yasamak-kolay-degildir-svec-veya-zimbabve-ye-sorun-3101","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptonews.com\/tr\/exclusives\/nakitsiz-yasamak-kolay-degildir-svec-veya-zimbabve-ye-sorun-3101\/","title":{"rendered":"Nakitsiz Ya\u015famak Kolay De\u011fildir. \u0130sve\u00e7 veya Zimbabve&#8217;ye Sorun"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>Chris Vasantkumar, Antropoloji &Ouml;&#287;retim &Uuml;yesi, Macquarie &Uuml;niversitesi.<\/i><br>\n____<\/p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cimg.co\/w\/articles-attachments\/1\/5f7\/96926d2554.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 640px) 720px, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimg.co\/w\/articles-attachments\/1\/5f7\/96926d2554.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/w\/articles-attachments\/2\/5f7\/96926d2554.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/w\/articles-attachments\/3\/5f7\/96926d2554.jpg 720w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/w\/articles-attachments\/4\/5f7\/96926d2554.jpg 900w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/w\/articles-attachments\/0\/5f7\/96926d2554.jpg 1195w\" alt=\"\" class=\"content-img\"><figcaption>Kaynak: Adobe\/Ljupco Smokovski<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>COVID-19 sayesinde Avustralya ma&#287;azalar&#305;ndaki &#8220;Nakit Kabul Edilmez&#8221; tabelalar&#305; giderek daha yayg&#305;n bir hal al&#305;yor. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2020\/jun\/24\/virtually-no-demand-for-coins-in-covid-19-era-as-australias-shift-from-cash-to-digital-hastens\">2013 ile 2019 y&#305;llar&#305; aras&#305;nda<\/a> yar&#305;ya inen madeni para telebi ile birlikte salg&#305;n ortaya &ccedil;&#305;kmadan &ouml;nce bile nakitsizlik yolunda iyiydik.<\/p><p>Avustralyal&#305;lar nakitsiz &ouml;demeleri b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;de do&#287;al kar&#351;&#305;lam&#305;&#351;lard&#305;r. Tamamen nakitsiz bir toplum, genellikle ka&ccedil;&#305;n&#305;lmaz olarak g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;yor.<\/p><p>Ancak, nakitsiz topluma giden yolda &ccedil;ok daha ileriye giden &ccedil;ok farkl&#305; iki &uuml;lke olan &#304;sve&ccedil; ve Zimbabve&#8217;nin deneyimleri, b&ouml;yle bir d&uuml;&#351;&uuml;nce tarz&#305;n&#305;n gizli tehlikelerine dikkat &ccedil;ekiyor. &#304;sve&ccedil;, nakit paraya eri&#351;imi koruma ihtiyac&#305;n&#305; g&ouml;steriyor. Zimbabve, ge&ccedil;i&#351;in mecburi olmamas&#305;n&#305;n &ouml;nemini g&ouml;steriyor.<\/p><hr><p>\n  <em>\n    <strong>\n      Daha fazlas&#305; i&ccedil;in:\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptonews.com\/exclusives\/cashless-payment-is-booming-so-is-financial-surveillance-7696\/\">Cashless payment is booming, thanks to coronavirus. So is financial surveillance<\/a>\n    <\/strong>\n  <\/em>\n<\/p><hr><h2 id=\"Isvecin-nakitsiz-deneyimi\">&#304;sve&ccedil;&#8217;in nakitsiz deneyimi<\/h2><span class=\"replacer\"><\/span><p>&#304;sve&ccedil; nakitsiz bir topluma do&#287;ru ilerleme konusunda h&#305;zl&#305;yd&#305;. Merkez bankas&#305; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riksbank.se\/en-gb\/payments--cash\/payments-in-sweden\/payments-in-sweden-2019\/the-payment-market-is-being-digitalised\/card-payments-still-dominate\/\">Riksbank<\/a>, 2018 y&#305;l&#305;na kadar ge&ccedil;en on y&#305;lda ma&#287;azalarda nakit para ile sat&#305;n alma oran&#305;n&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %40&#8217;tan %13&#8217;e d&uuml;&#351;t&uuml;&#287;&uuml;n&uuml; s&ouml;yledi. Art&#305;k dilenciler ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/02\/11\/691334123\/swedens-cashless-experiment-is-it-too-much-too-fast\">umumi tuvaletler<\/a> bile kart veya Swish ad&#305; verilen bir mobil &ouml;deme sistemi kullan&#305;yor.<\/p><figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sweden's Swish app on smart phone.\" src=\"https:\/\/cimg.co\/p\/no_image.svg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" class=\" lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=451&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=451&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=451&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/360423\/original\/file-20200929-14-1jzpez3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\">\n            <figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">&#304;sve&ccedil;&#8217;in Swish &ouml;deme sistemi yayg&#305;n olarak kullan&#305;lmaktad&#305;r.<\/span>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Shutterstock<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/figcaption>\n          <\/figure><p>Ancak &#304;sve&ccedil;&#8217;in nakitsizlik y&uuml;kseli&#351;i nispeten h&#305;zla kendini g&ouml;stermeye ba&#351;lad&#305;.<\/p><p>Ge&ccedil;ti&#287;imiz birka&ccedil; y&#305;l i&ccedil;inde &#304;sve&ccedil;liler, k&#305;rsal b&ouml;lgelerde ya&#351;ayan ya&#351;l&#305;lar&#305;n ve g&ouml;&ccedil;menlerin, Swish&#8217;e ge&ccedil;i&#351; yap&#305;p art&#305;k nakit kabul etmeyen i&#351;letmeler taraf&#305;ndan geride b&#305;rak&#305;lmas&#305;ndan endi&#351;elenmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar.<\/p><p>Ge&ccedil;en y&#305;l &#304;sve&ccedil;&rsquo;in siyasi partilerinin biri hari&ccedil; t&uuml;m&uuml;, &#304;sve&ccedil;&rsquo;in b&uuml;y&uuml;k bankalar&#305;n&#305;n &uuml;lke genelinde nakit hizmetleri sunmaya devam etmesini gerektiren yeni yasalar&#305; destekledi. <\/p><p>Ayr&#305;ca Britanya h&uuml;k&uuml;meti, Birle&#351;ik Krall&#305;k Hazinesi&#8217;nin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/edition\/news\/banks-may-be-forced-to-keep-cash-for-the-elderly-lfp50hq20?utm_medium=Social\">&#304;sve&ccedil; yasalar&#305;na dayanan<\/a> bir yasa tasla&#287;&#305; haz&#305;rlamas&#305;yla nakit paraya eri&#351;imi garanti alt&#305;na alma s&ouml;z&uuml; verdi.<\/p><hr><p>\n  <em>\n    <strong>\n      Daha fazlas&#305; i&ccedil;in:\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-a-cashless-society-would-hurt-the-poor-a-lesson-from-india-79735\">Why a &#8216;cashless&#8217; society would hurt the poor: A lesson from India<\/a>\n    <\/strong>\n  <\/em>\n<\/p><hr><p>Avustralya&#8217;da Avustralya Merkez Bankas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; ara&#351;t&#305;rma (2019&#8217;dan itibaren), n&uuml;fusun yakla&#351;&#305;k <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rba.gov.au\/publications\/bulletin\/2020\/jun\/cash-use-in-australia-results-from-the-2019-consumer-payments-survey.html\">d&ouml;rtte birinin<\/a> &#8220;y&uuml;ksek nakit kullan&#305;c&#305;s&#305;&#8221; olarak kald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&ouml;steriyor ki bu, art&#305;k nakit kullanmayan ki&#351;iler i&ccedil;in &#8220;b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir k&uuml;lfet veya ger&ccedil;ek bir s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;d&#305;r&#8221;:<\/p><blockquote>\n<p>Bu y&uuml;ksek nakit kullan&#305;c&#305;lar&#305;n&#305;n daha ya&#351;l&#305; olma, daha d&uuml;&#351;&uuml;k hane gelirine sahip olma, k&#305;rsal b&ouml;lgelerde ya&#351;ama ve \/ veya s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; internet eri&#351;imine sahip olma olas&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; daha y&uuml;ksektir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote><p>Avustralyal&#305;lar&#305;n b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ccedil;o&#287;unlu&#287;u hala <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theadvocate.com.au\/story\/6850914\/cashless-society-moving-closer-but-most-of-us-dont-want-it\/\">nakit se&ccedil;ene&#287;i<\/a> isterken, &#304;sve&ccedil;&#8217;in nakit paraya eri&#351;imi s&uuml;rd&uuml;rmesi muhtemelen d&uuml;zenleme gerektirir.<\/p><hr><p>\n  <em>\n    <strong>\n      Daha fazlas&#305; i&ccedil;in:\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/depending-on-who-you-are-the-benefits-of-a-cashless-society-are-greatly-overrated-113268\">Depending on who you are, the benefits of a cashless society are greatly overrated<\/a>\n    <\/strong>\n  <\/em>\n<\/p><hr><h2 id=\"zimbabvenin-nakitsiz-deneyimi\">Zimbabve&#8217;nin nakitsiz deneyimi<\/h2><span class=\"replacer\"><\/span><p>Zimbabve&rsquo;nin nakitsiz i&#351;lemlerle ilgili deneyiminden &ccedil;&#305;kar&#305;lan dersler olduk&ccedil;a farkl&#305;d&#305;r. Bu farkl&#305;l&#305;k, nakitsizli&#287;e ge&ccedil;i&#351;in &ouml;zg&uuml;r iradeye ba&#287;l&#305; olmas&#305; ve organik olarak ger&ccedil;ekle&#351;mesinin &ouml;nemi ile alakal&#305; bir durumdur.<\/p><p>Zimbabve&#8217;nin deneyimine &#351;ekil veren ko&#351;ullar&#305;n Avustralya&#8217;da kopyalanmas&#305; pek olas&#305; olmasa da, yine de daha geni&#351; ahlaki a&ccedil;&#305;dan anla&#351;&#305;lmaya de&#287;er. <\/p><p>&#304;sve&ccedil;&#8217;te nakitsiz &ouml;demelere ge&ccedil;i&#351;i ezici bir &ccedil;o&#287;unluk memnuniyetle kar&#351;&#305;land&#305;. Bu de&#287;i&#351;iklik Zimbabve&#8217;de daha b&uuml;y&uuml;k ekonomik s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;larla kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;. Ne istendi ne de &ouml;zellikle memnuniyetle kar&#351;&#305;land&#305;.<\/p><p>Zimbabve&rsquo;nin &ccedil;alkant&#305;l&#305; ekonomik kriz ge&ccedil;mi&#351;i, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/7660569.stm\">2008&#8217;in Ekim ay&#305;nda %231,000,000&rsquo;a ula&#351;an<\/a> hiper enflasyonu da kaps&#305;yor. H&uuml;k&uuml;met bu sorunu &ccedil;&ouml;zmek ad&#305;nda 2009 y&#305;l&#305;nda Zimbabvee dolar&#305;n&#305; ask&#305;ya ald&#305; ve bunun yerine Zimbabvelilerin yasal para olarak d&ouml;viz kullanmalar&#305;na izin verdi. ABD dolar&#305; h&#305;zla tercih edilen para birimi haline geldi.<\/p><p>Bu fiili &ldquo;dolarizasyon&rdquo; ekonomiyi istikrara kavu&#351;turdu ancak ayn&#305; zamanda nakit k&#305;tl&#305;&#287;&#305;na da yol a&ccedil;t&#305;. Devletin para basmas&#305;yla arz tamamlanamad&#305;. ABD dolar&#305; arz&#305;, ithalatta kullan&#305;m&#305; ve birikim olarak saklanmas&#305; nedeniyle de azald&#305;.<\/p><p>2014 y&#305;l&#305;nda &ldquo;vekil para birimi&rdquo; nin devreye sokulmas&#305; gibi nakit s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305;n&#305; gidermeye y&ouml;nelik h&uuml;k&uuml;met giri&#351;imleri halk&#305;n g&uuml;ven eksikli&#287;i nedeniyle ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;z oldu. Zimbabve halk&#305; bunun yerine telefon tabanl&#305; bir para transferi hizmeti olan Ecocash gibi elektronik &ouml;deme platformlar&#305;na y&ouml;neldi. 2017 itibariyle, t&uuml;m i&#351;lemlerin %96&#8217;s&#305; <a href=\"https:\/\/itweb.africa\/content\/JBwErvnBaYjv6Db2\">elektronikti<\/a>.<\/p><h2 id=\"kullanim-kavrayisi-sekillendirir\">Kullan&#305;m kavray&#305;&#351;&#305; &#351;ekillendirir<\/h2><span class=\"replacer\"><\/span><p>&#304;sve&ccedil;&#8217;te nakitsiz &ouml;demelere ge&ccedil;i&#351;, insanlar&#305;n para ve de&#287;er kavramlar&#305;n&#305; temelden etkilemedi.<\/p><p>Bununla birlikte, Zimbabve&#8217;de nakitsizli&#287;e do&#287;ru ge&ccedil;i&#351;, ekonomik ya&#351;am&#305;n &ouml;nceden var olan bi&ccedil;imlerinin kusursuz uzant&#305;lar&#305;ndan ziyade, bunlar&#305;n bozulmas&#305; olarak deneyimlendi.<\/p><p>Devlet kurumlar&#305;na duyulan g&uuml;vensizlik ve paran&#305;n de&#287;eri taraf&#305;ndan lekelenmi&#351;tir. Bulawayo&#8217;daki (Zimbabve&rsquo;nin en b&uuml;y&uuml;k ikinci &#351;ehri) bir sokak sat&#305;c&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n bana s&ouml;yledi&#287;i gibi, &#8220;K&ouml;t&uuml; nakit, iyi plastikten daha iyidir!&#8221;<\/p><p>COVID-19 salg&#305;n&#305;n&#305;n nakitsiz i&#351;lemlere ge&ccedil;i&#351;imizi h&#305;zland&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; bir zamanda, paran&#305;n tam olarak anla&#351;&#305;lmas&#305;ndaki bu g&uuml;ven krizi dikkat edilmesi gereken bir husustur. G&uuml;nl&uuml;k ekonomik ya&#351;amda nakitsiz i&#351;lemlere ge&ccedil;i&#351; ile birlikte gelen de&#287;i&#351;iklikler, paray&#305; nas&#305;l anlad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z&#305; tahmin edilemeyen &#351;ekillerde yeniden &#351;ekillendirme potansiyeline sahiptir<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cimg.co\/p\/no_image.svg\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important\" class=\" lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/146187\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" data-srcset=\"\"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p><p>Bu makale <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>&#8216;dan Creative Commons lisans&#305; alt&#305;nda yeniden yay&#305;nlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Orijinal makaleyi <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/going-cashless-isnt-straightforward-ask-sweden-or-zimbabwe-146187\">buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chris Vasantkumar, Antropoloji &Ouml;&#287;retim &Uuml;yesi, Macquarie &Uuml;niversitesi. ____Kaynak: Adobe\/Ljupco SmokovskiCOVID-19 sayesinde Avustralya ma&#287;azalar&#305;ndaki &#8220;Nakit Kabul Edilmez&#8221; tabelalar&#305; giderek daha yayg&#305;n bir hal al&#305;yor. 2013 ile 2019 y&#305;llar&#305; aras&#305;nda yar&#305;ya inen madeni para telebi ile birlikte salg&#305;n ortaya &ccedil;&#305;kmadan &ouml;nce bile nakitsizlik yolunda iyiydik.Avustralyal&#305;lar nakitsiz &ouml;demeleri b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;de do&#287;al kar&#351;&#305;lam&#305;&#351;lard&#305;r. Tamamen nakitsiz bir toplum, genellikle ka&ccedil;&#305;n&#305;lmaz [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"editors":[177,178],"sponsored_companies":[],"class_list":["post-38398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exclusives","category-opinions","editors-chris-vasantkumar","editors-macquarie-university"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nakitsiz Ya\u015famak Kolay De\u011fildir. \u0130sve\u00e7 veya Zimbabve&#039;ye Sorun - Cryptonews<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"COVID-19 sayesinde Avustralya ma\u011fazalar\u0131ndaki &quot;Nakit Kabul Edilmez&quot; tabelalar\u0131 giderek daha yayg\u0131n bir hal al\u0131yor. 2013 ile 2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yar\u0131ya inen madeni para telebi ile birlikte salg\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bile nakitsizlik yolunda iyiydik.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptonews.com\/tr\/exclusives\/nakitsiz-yasamak-kolay-degildir-svec-veya-zimbabve-ye-sorun-3101\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nakitsiz Ya\u015famak Kolay De\u011fildir. \u0130sve\u00e7 veya Zimbabve&#039;ye Sorun - 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