{"id":106219,"date":"2023-05-27T11:15:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T11:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fr.cryptonews.com\/?p=115120"},"modified":"2023-06-26T11:08:59","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T11:08:59","slug":"impact-environnemental-ia-generative-un-danger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptonews.com\/fr\/news\/impact-environnemental-ia-generative-un-danger\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;impact environnemental de l&rsquo;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, un danger?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/artificial-intelligence-g.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/responsive-images\/artificial-intelligence-g___media_library_original_1280_857.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/responsive-images\/artificial-intelligence-g___media_library_original_1200_803.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/responsive-images\/artificial-intelligence-g___media_library_original_900_603.jpg 900w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/responsive-images\/artificial-intelligence-g___media_library_original_720_482.jpg 720w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/responsive-images\/artificial-intelligence-g___media_library_original_600_402.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cimg.co\/news\/115120\/277695\/responsive-images\/artificial-intelligence-g___media_library_original_300_201.jpg 300w\" width=\"1280\" class=\"content-img\"><strong>Kate Saenko<\/strong>, chercheuse associ&eacute;e au d&eacute;partement d&rsquo;ing&eacute;nierie informatique de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Boston, s&rsquo;est pench&eacute;e sur <strong>l&rsquo;impact environnemental de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle g&eacute;n&eacute;rative. <\/strong>Cette technologie permet de faire fonctionner des mod&egrave;les d&rsquo;IA comme le c&eacute;l&egrave;bre ChatGPT. Or, vu l&rsquo;utilisation croissante qui est faite de ces technologies, <strong>la question du co&ucirc;t environnemental se pose, de la m&ecirc;me fa&ccedil;on qu&rsquo;elle s&rsquo;est pos&eacute;e vis-&agrave;-vis les blockchains Bitcoin ou Ethereum<\/strong>.<\/p><div class=\"raw-html-embed\"><blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">As an AI researcher, I often worry about the energy costs of building artificial intelligence models. The more powerful the AI, the more energy it takes. What does the emergence of powerful generative AI models mean for society&rsquo;s future carbon footprint?<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/qXL9RGT3bv\">https:\/\/t.co\/qXL9RGT3bv<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Kate Saenko &#129302;&#9851;&#65039; (@kate_saenko_) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/kate_saenko_\/status\/1661395763102994433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 24, 2023<\/a><\/blockquote> <script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div><p>L&rsquo;essor de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle g&eacute;n&eacute;rative suscite donc des inqui&eacute;tudes quant &agrave; son impact sur l&rsquo;environnement. <strong>Les mod&egrave;les d&rsquo;IA de plus en plus puissants n&eacute;cessitent une quantit&eacute; croissante d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie<\/strong>, ce qui soul&egrave;ve des questions sur l&#8217;empreinte carbone future de notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;.<\/p><p>L&rsquo;IA g&eacute;n&eacute;rative se distingue par sa capacit&eacute; &agrave; produire des donn&eacute;es complexes, telles que des phrases, des paragraphes, des images, voire des vid&eacute;os. Alors qu&rsquo;elle &eacute;tait utilis&eacute;e depuis longtemps dans des applications telles que les enceintes intelligentes, elle a r&eacute;cemment acquis la capacit&eacute; de <strong>g&eacute;n&eacute;rer un langage proche de celui des humains et des photos r&eacute;alistes<\/strong>. Cependant, cette avanc&eacute;e s&rsquo;accompagne d&rsquo;une <strong>consommation d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie sans pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent.<\/strong><\/p><p>Les chercheurs ont constat&eacute; que la cr&eacute;ation d&rsquo;un mod&egrave;le d&rsquo;IA g&eacute;n&eacute;rative appel&eacute; BERT, avec 110 millions de param&egrave;tres, consomme autant d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie qu&rsquo;un vol aller-retour transcontinental pour une personne. Les mod&egrave;les encore plus grands, tels que <strong>GPT-3 avec ses 175 milliards de param&egrave;tres<\/strong>, consomment des quantit&eacute;s astronomiques d&rsquo;&eacute;lectricit&eacute; et g&eacute;n&egrave;rent des <strong>&eacute;missions de CO2 &eacute;quivalent &agrave; celles de 123 voitures &agrave; essence conduites pendant un an.<\/strong> Et ce chiffre r&eacute;sulte seulement de l&rsquo;&eacute;nergie qu&rsquo;il a fallu pour cr&eacute;er ce mod&egrave;le. Il ne refl&egrave;te pas le co&ucirc;t &eacute;nerg&eacute;tique de son utilisation par les internautes.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Si ces technologies deviennent aussi populaires que les moteurs de recherche, le nombre de requ&ecirc;tes g&eacute;n&eacute;r&eacute;es augmentera de mani&egrave;re exponentielle, ce qui multipliera la consommation d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie. De plus, <strong>les mises &agrave; jour r&eacute;guli&egrave;res des mod&egrave;les d&rsquo;IA n&eacute;cessitent &eacute;galement une quantit&eacute; consid&eacute;rable d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie<\/strong>.<\/p><h2><strong>Des raisons d&rsquo;optimisme<\/strong><\/h2><span class=\"replacer\"><\/span><p>La taille du mod&egrave;le n&rsquo;est pas le seul facteur d&eacute;terminant les &eacute;missions de carbone. Des mod&egrave;les similaires en taille, tels que <strong>le projet BLOOM<\/strong> d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par le \u00ab\u00a0BigScience project\u00a0\u00bb (Cocorico, c&rsquo;est des fran&ccedil;ais!), ont <strong>une empreinte carbone beaucoup plus faible gr&acirc;ce &agrave; une architecture et un processeur plus efficaces<\/strong>, ainsi qu&rsquo;&agrave; des centres de donn&eacute;es plus &eacute;cologiques.<\/p><p>Pourtant, malgr&eacute; ces pr&eacute;occupations, l&rsquo;IA g&eacute;n&eacute;rative offre &eacute;galement des avantages.<strong> Les chat bots permettent d&rsquo;acc&eacute;der &agrave; l&rsquo;information de mani&egrave;re plus directe et plus rapide, sans avoir &agrave; parcourir une multitude de r&eacute;sultats de recherche<\/strong>. De plus, l&rsquo;IA peut &ecirc;tre aliment&eacute;e par des sources d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie renouvelable, ce qui r&eacute;duit consid&eacute;rablement son impact environnemental.<\/p><p>Pour faire face &agrave; ces d&eacute;fis, des recherches suppl&eacute;mentaires sont n&eacute;cessaires pour rendre l&rsquo;IA g&eacute;n&eacute;rative plus &eacute;conome en &eacute;nergie. Et il apparait<strong> crucial que les entreprises et les laboratoires de recherche publient les empreintes carbone de leurs mod&egrave;les d&rsquo;IA<\/strong>, afin que les consommateurs puissent prendre des d&eacute;cisions plus &eacute;clair&eacute;es et opter pour <strong>des solutions plus respectueuses de l&rsquo;environnement.<\/strong><\/p><p>L&rsquo;IA g&eacute;n&eacute;rative repr&eacute;sente une avanc&eacute;e technologique passionnante, mais son impact environnemental doit &ecirc;tre pris en compte. L&rsquo;industrie technologique doit <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptonews.com\/fr\/exclusives\/le-ceo-dopenai-sam-altman-plaide-en-faveur-dun-cadre-reglementaire-autour-de-lia\/\">travailler de concert<\/a> pour d&eacute;velopper <strong>des solutions plus &eacute;co-responsables et transparentes<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kate Saenko, chercheuse associ&eacute;e au d&eacute;partement d&rsquo;ing&eacute;nierie informatique de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Boston, s&rsquo;est pench&eacute;e sur l&rsquo;impact environnemental de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle g&eacute;n&eacute;rative. Cette technologie permet de faire fonctionner des mod&egrave;les d&rsquo;IA comme le c&eacute;l&egrave;bre ChatGPT. Or, vu l&rsquo;utilisation croissante qui est faite de ces technologies, la question du co&ucirc;t environnemental se pose, de la m&ecirc;me fa&ccedil;on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"editors":[2550],"sponsored_companies":[],"class_list":["post-106219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","editors-jurgen-hoffman"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L&#039;impact environnemental de l&#039;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, un danger?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Combien consomme une requ\u00eate sur ChatGPT? 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